Centrally assisted associations with a local manager by peers in a peer to peer wireless network

ABSTRACT

The technologies described herein are generally directed toward facilitating centrally assisted associations with a local manager by peers in a peer to peer wireless system. According to an embodiment, a system can comprise a processor and a memory that can store executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations. The operations can include identifying a group of local managers of a group of user equipments. The operations can further include receiving, from a network device, a criterion for selecting a local manager from the group of local managers of the group of user equipments, wherein the criterion is based on an association parameter selected by the network device.

RELATED APPLICATION

The subject patent application is a continuation of, and claims priorityto, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/268,848, filed Feb. 6, 2019, andentitled “CENTRALLY ASSISTED ASSOCIATIONS WITH A LOCAL MANAGER BY PEERSIN A PEER TO PEER WIRELESS NETWORK,” the entirety of which applicationis hereby incorporated by reference herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The subject application is related to wireless communication systems,and, for example, the selecting of associations by user equipments (UEs)in a peer to peer wireless network.

BACKGROUND

Currently, in some peer to peer wireless networks, UEs select localmanagers based on a limited, local criteria that only providesinformation about the signal strength of potential local managers.

In certain circumstances, the conventional approaches can beadvantageous because their simplicity can reduce the workload of UEs. Inother circumstances however, the lack of centralized control, dynamicupdates, and limited metrics analyzed can lead to sub-optimal selectionof local managers by UEs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The technology described herein is illustrated by way of example and notlimited in the accompanying figures in which like reference numeralsindicate similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example, non-limiting systemthat includes a network device, a candidate local manager, and UEs, andcan enable selection of a candidate local manager based on anassociation parameter, in accordance with one or more embodimentsdescribed herein.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example wireless communication system showing anexample peer to peer network with connections between UEs andconnections to network device, in accordance with one or moreembodiments.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example wireless communication system showing anexample peer to peer network with a network device, candidate localmanager, according to one or more embodiments.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example wireless communication system showing anexample peer to peer network with connections between UEs andconnections to a network device, with a local manager that can beselected by UEs based on network metrics received from the localmanager, in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example wireless communication system showing anexample peer to peer network with connections between UEs andconnections to network device, with a local manager that can be selectedby UEs based on an associated cost metric (ACM) received from the localmanager, in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example wireless communication system showing anexample peer to peer network with UEs associated with local manager in apeer to peer network, and part of a cellular network serviced by networkdevice, in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method that canfacilitate centrally assisted associations with a local manager by peersin a peer to peer wireless system, in accordance with one or moreembodiments.

FIG. 8 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method that canfacilitate providing feedback to improve the centrally assistedassociations of FIG. 7. For purposes of brevity, description of likeelements and/or processes employed in other embodiments is omitted.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example block diagram of an example mobile handsetoperable to engage in a system architecture that can facilitateprocesses described herein, in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example block diagram of an example computeroperable to engage in a system architecture that can facilitateprocesses described herein, in accordance with one or more embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Generally speaking, one or more embodiments described herein providemechanisms and signaling to facilitate centrally assisted associationswith a local manager by peers in a peer to peer wireless system.

In addition, one or more embodiments described herein can be directedtowards a multi-connectivity framework that supports the operation ofNew Radio (NR, sometimes referred to as 5G). As will be understood, oneor more embodiments can allow an integration of V2X UEs with networkassistance, by supporting control and mobility functionality on cellularlinks (e.g. LTE or NR). One or more embodiments can provide benefitsincluding, system robustness, reduced overhead, and global resourcemanagement, while facilitating direct communication links via a NRsidelink.

It should be understood that any of the examples and terms used hereinare non-limiting. For instance, while examples are generally directed tonon-standalone operation where the NR backhaul links are operating onmmWave bands and the control plane links are operating on sub-6 GHz LTEbands, it should be understood that it is straightforward to extend thetechnology described herein to scenarios in which the sub-6 GHz anchorcarrier providing control plane functionality could also be based on NR.As such, any of the examples herein are non-limiting examples, any ofthe embodiments, aspects, concepts, structures, functionalities orexamples described herein are non-limiting, and the technology may beused in various ways that provide benefits and advantages in radiocommunications in general.

In some embodiments the non-limiting term “radio network node” or simply“network node,” “radio network device or simply “network device” is usedherein. These terms may be used interchangeably, and refer to any typeof network node that serves user equipment and/or connected to othernetwork node or network element or any radio node from where userequipment receives signal. Examples of radio network nodes are Node B,base station (BS), multi-standard radio (MSR) node such as MSR BS,gNodeB, eNode B, network controller, radio network controller (RNC),base station controller (BSC), relay, donor node controlling relay, basetransceiver station (BTS), access point (AP), transmission points,transmission nodes, RRU, RRH, nodes in distributed antenna system (DAS)etc.

In some embodiments the non-limiting term user equipment (UE) is used.It refers to any type of wireless device that communicates with a radionetwork node in a cellular or mobile communication system. Examples ofuser equipment are target device, device to device (D2D) user equipment,machine type user equipment or user equipment capable of machine tomachine (M2M) communication, PDA, Tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone,laptop embedded equipped (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME), USBdongles etc.

Some embodiments are described in particular for 5G new radio systems.The embodiments are however applicable to any radio access technology(RAT) or multi-RAT system where the user equipment operates usingmultiple carriers e.g. LTE FDD/TDD, WCMDA/HSPA, GSM/GERAN, Wi Fi, WLAN,WiMax, CDMA2000 etc.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example, non-limiting system100 that includes network device 150, candidate local manager 145, andUEs 140A-B and can enable selection of a candidate local manager 145based on an association parameter 190, in accordance with one or moreembodiments described herein.

According to multiple embodiments, network device 150 includes memory165 that can store one or more computer and/or machine readable,writable, and/or executable components and/or instructions that, whenexecuted by processor 160, can facilitate performance of operationsdefined by the executable component(s) and/or instruction(s). Forexample, memory 165 can store computer and/or machine readable,writable, and/or executable components and/or instructions that, whenexecuted by processor 160, can facilitate execution of the variousfunctions described herein relating to network device 150, includingselecting, by association parameter selector 130, association parameter190 that can provide a criterion for associating UEs 140A-B into groups,and communicating to UEs 140A-B, the criterion, that can enable UEs140A-B to select candidate local manager 145 from a group of candidatelocal managers (not shown) based on the criterion.

In some embodiments, memory 165 can comprise volatile memory (e.g.,random access memory (RAM), static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), etc.)and/or non-volatile memory (e.g., read only memory (ROM), programmableROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasableprogrammable ROM (EEPROM), etc.) that can employ one or more memoryarchitectures. Further examples of memory 165 are described below withreference to system memory 1006 and FIG. 10. Such examples of memory 165can be employed to implement any embodiments of the subject disclosure.

According to multiple embodiments, processor 160 can comprise one ormore processors and/or electronic circuitry that can implement one ormore computer and/or machine readable, writable, and/or executablecomponents and/or instructions that can be stored on memory 165. Forexample, processor 160 can perform various operations that can bespecified by such computer and/or machine readable, writable, and/orexecutable components and/or instructions including, but not limited to,logic, control, input/output (I/O), arithmetic, and/or the like. In someembodiments, processor 160 can comprise one or more central processingunit, multi-core processor, microprocessor, dual microprocessors,microcontroller, System on a Chip (SOC), array processor, vectorprocessor, and/or another type of processor. Further examples ofprocessor 160 are described below with reference to processing unit 1004of FIG. 10. Such examples of processor 160 can be employed to implementany embodiments of the subject disclosure.

It should be appreciated that the embodiments of the subject disclosuredepicted in various figures disclosed herein are for illustration only,and as such, the architecture of such embodiments are not limited to thesystems, devices, and/or components depicted therein. For example, insome embodiments, network device 150 can further comprise variouscomputer and/or computing-based elements described herein with referenceto operating environment 1000 and FIG. 10. In one or more embodiments,such computer and/or computing-based elements can be used in connectionwith implementing one or more of the systems, devices, components,and/or computer-implemented operations shown and described in connectionwith FIG. 1 or other figures disclosed herein.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example wireless communication system 200 showingan example peer to peer network with connections 225A-E between UEs220A-D and connections 250A-B to network device 210, in accordance withone or more embodiments. For purposes of brevity, description of likeelements and/or processes employed in other embodiments is omitted.

It should be noted that, on FIGS. 2-6, UEs are represented by vehicleicons, and network devices are represented by base station icons, butthese icons are not intended to be limiting of the types of UEs andnetwork devices that can be used with the embodiments discussed herein.Detailed examples of different types of UEs 220A-D that can be used withembodiments are described with FIG. 9 below, and detailed examples ofdifferent types of computer-enabled devices (e.g., network device 210)that can be used with embodiments are described with FIG. 10 below. Forpurposes of brevity, description of like elements and/or processesemployed in other embodiments is omitted.

In an example implementation of one or more embodiments, FIG. 2 depictsV2X wireless services that comprise vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)connections 250A-B between UEs 220A-B (e.g., vehicles) and networkdevice 210 that can be, but is not limited to, a next-generation node bdevice, a roadside access point unit, and a base station. The V2Xwireless services also depict vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) connections225A-E (e.g., peer to peer) that can be established over the existingcellular (Uu) interface, or direct communication between UEs (e.g.,device to device (D2D) or PC5) that does not use the cellular interface,e.g., a sidelink interface.

The association of the UEs with a local manager can be provided directlyby the local manager through or centrally determined and configured bythe network, e.g., from network device 210. In one or more embodiments,a local manager of a group of UEs is a UE member of the group thatperforms additional, group management functions, including assistingwith discovery of UEs and network devices, allocating resources (e.g.,frequencies and times available), scheduling of events (e.g., resourceallocation updates), and link adaptation feedback (e.g., dynamicallyadjusting communication parameters based on changing channelconditions).

Another approach to associating UEs to a local manager can have UEsselect a local device from available devices. In one or more examplesdiscussed below, two of the UEs (e.g., UEs 220A-B) are specified ascandidates to be a local manager (e.g., candidate local manager 145) ofone or more of UEs within communication range, e.g., UEs 220C-D.

One approach that can be used by one or more embodiments can havenetwork device 210 select two or more UEs as candidate local managersUEs 220A-B, e.g., selected based on factors that can include, but arenot limited to, UE capabilities, geographical location of UE, andstrength of connection to the UE. In other embodiments, candidate localmanagers UEs 220A-B can be selected by other approaches, including butnot limited to selection by other local managers and self-selection.Once the candidate local managers UEs 220A-B are selected, UEs 220C-Dthat are either members of an existing group (e.g., with a local managernot shown) or are not members of a group, can receive information fromthe candidate local managers to enable selection of one with which toform an association.

As discussed further below, the information received by UEs 220C-D fromcandidate local managers UEs 220A-B can be analyzed by the UEs todetermine which, if any, candidate local manager UE 220A or UE 220B isselected. In an example where both UEs 220C-D select candidate localmanager UE 220B as a local manager, UEs 220B-D can be formed into agroup of UEs managed by local manager UE 220B.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example wireless communication system 300 showingan example peer to peer network with a network device 310, candidatelocal manager UEs 320A-B, and UE 350C, according to one or moreembodiments. As described above, UE 350C can receive information 325A-Bfrom candidate local manager UEs 320A-B respectively.

One type of information that can be received by UEs 220C-D fromcandidate local managers UEs 220A-B is the reference signal receivedpower (RSRP) of the respective local manages, e.g., the power ofreference signals from a candidate local manager spread over fullbandwidth and narrowband channels. An approach that can be used by UEs220C-D is to select the candidate local manager with the highest RSRP.In some circumstances, this can provide an advantageous result, becauseof high received power from a candidate local manager. In othercircumstances, selecting only based on this criterion can be lessadvantageous than a different approach, e.g., selecting based on a broadvariety of factors, including throughput and bandwidth that can beprovided by a local manager.

One or more embodiments discussed with FIGS. 4-8 below providealternative approaches and criteria that can be used by UEs to selectfrom candidate local managers UEs 220A-B. Generally speaking, with FIG.4, example approaches are described where a UE can receive a selectedcombination of factors from the local manager and can evaluate thefactors to select a local manager. With the description of FIG. 5,alternate embodiments are described where a local manager can determinean association cost metric (ACM) based on different approaches andcriterial, and this ACM can be used by UEs 220C-D to compare localmanagers, e.g., a local manager with the highest ACM can be selected.With FIG. 6, one or more embodiments are described that can notify a UEthat new association criteria are available. FIGS. 7 and 8 provideexample methods that can implement one or more of the embodimentsdescribed herein.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example wireless communication system showing anexample peer to peer network 400 with connections between UEs 450A-B andconnections to network device 410, with local manager 455 that can beselected by UEs 450A-B based on network metrics received from localmanager 455, in accordance with one or more embodiments. For purposes ofbrevity, description of like elements and/or processes employed in otherembodiments is omitted.

In one or more embodiments, UEs 450A-B can be devices evaluating localmanager 455, for example, these devices can be currently in a groupmanaged by local manager 455 and the devices can be evaluating acandidate local manager member of the group (not shown) in preparationfor a switch to another local manager, if needed. In a variation of thisexample, one or both of UEs 450A-B can be not currently members of agroup, and these devices are evaluating local manager 455 in preparationto join the group by associating with local manager 455.

As described above, one approach that can be used by one or moreembodiments, UEs 450A-B can receive information 490A-B respectively, andbase a selection upon this received information. To perform a selection,one approach that can be employed by UEs 450A-B is to receiveinformation 490A-B, this information being a combination of relevantfactors collected or generated from one or more sources. In one example,some of the factors received are collected and/or generated by localmanager 455, these factors including, available resources managed bylocal manager 455, supported maximum throughput forbroadcast/groupcast/unicast traffic over sidelink in the group managedby local manager 455, group sidelink spectral efficiency, and the numberof already associated UEs in the group. These factors can enableimproved selection results in some circumstances because of theinclusion of information about the available capacity of the localmanager, current performance of the group, and size of the group.

In one or more embodiments described herein, network device 410 canprovide varying degrees of assistance in the composition of approachesused by UEs in the selection of local managers. One having skill in therelevant arts, given the description herein, would appreciate thatnetwork device 410 can have access to useful information in this regard,including, but not limited to aggregated network information, analysisof historical results, and coordinated strategies that can improve theperformance of different approaches.

One way network device 410 can provide assistance with local managerselection by UEs is to provide association parameter 480 that can, forexample, specify the composition of the information 490A-B provided bylocal manager 455 to UEs 450A-B. For example, based on analysis of theusage of multiple peer to peer networks in an area, network device 410determines that analysis, by UEs of certain factors, can provideimproved results, e.g., the number of already associated UEs in thegroup. It should be noted that, in this example, the factor to beprovided is determined by local manager 455 (e.g., having the number ofassociated UEs available), but it was directed to be provided to UEs foranalysis and selection by network device 410.

In an alternative implementation of this approach, instead of selectionby network device 410, local manager 455 can select the composition ofthe factors to be provided to UEs, e.g., based on factors associatedwith the local group. In one or more embodiments, this approach, byhaving a local composition of factors can have an improved speed ofupdate based on group conditions, but also be less comprehensive thanthe network device 410 selection approach, e.g., local manager can haveless access to conditions of other groups than network device 410.

It should be noted that, in the embodiments described above, althoughUEs can receive a broad collection of selected network metrics, theanalysis of these network metrics is based on an approach determined byindividual UEs. In one or more embodiments, this approach can bedetermined based on considerations that include, but are not limited to,a standardized approach to utilizing information received.

In alternative embodiments, in the information provided by local manager455 can specify the analysis approach to be used by UEs to evaluate thenetwork metrics provided. In different embodiments, similar to thecomposition of factors provided, the analysis approach to provide can beselected by one or more of local manager 455 or network device 150,based on considerations detailed above with respect to the compositionof parameters, e.g., broad network metrics available to network device410 and group-level network metrics available to local manager 455. Inone implementation, association parameter 480 can include the networkmetrics to be communicated by local manager 455 for analysis by UEs450A-B or the analysis approach to be used by UEs 450A-B to analyze thenetwork metrics.

To illustrate this concept, returning to an example discussed above, incircumstances where network device 410 determines that the number ofalready associated UEs in a group is a significant factor, networkdevice can specify, in association parameter 480, that this factor beprovided to UEs by local manager 455 and an approach to be used by UEsthat emphasizes this factor.

In one or more embodiments, the approach of having UEs perform analysison received factors described above can have advantages in certaincircumstances, e.g., performing analysis by UEs can reduce a workload onone or both of local manager 455 and network device 410. In othercircumstances, providing a selected combination of factors and/or anapproach designed to improve selection to UEs can expose proprietaryoptimization information.

In contrast to the above approaches, one or more embodiments describedwith FIG. 5 below can provide UEs with a determined ACM for each localmanager to be considered that can be used by UEs to the compare localmanagers.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example wireless communication system showing anexample peer to peer network 500 with connections between UEs 550A-B andconnections to network device 510, with local manager 555 that can beselected by UEs 550A-B based on an associated cost metric (ACM) 590A-Breceived from local manager 555, in accordance with one or moreembodiments. For purposes of brevity, description of like elementsand/or processes employed in other embodiments is omitted.

In one or more embodiments, factors, discussed above, that can becommunicated to a UE to enable analysis and selection of a localmanager, can be aggregated, and processed to produce an association costmetrics (ACMs) 590A-B. In one or more embodiments criteria 590A-B can bedetermined by local manager 555 based on network metrics that include,but are not limited to, local manager operation metrics, availableresources, supported maximum throughput for broadcast/groupcast/unicasttraffic over sidelink in the group managed by local manager 455, groupsidelink spectral efficiency, the number of already associated UEs inthe group, a supportable sidelink data rate (SSDR) corresponding to theresources that can be shared within the group, and RSRP. One havingskill in the relevant arts, given the description herein wouldappreciate additional features that can be used by one or moreembodiments to determine an ACM.

In additional embodiments, network device 510 can provide associationparameters 580 to the process in several ways, including but not limitedto, providing broader network metrics (e.g., metrics based oninformation from other groups or historical data) for use in determiningthe ACM by local manager 555, and a specification of the approach to beused by local manager 555 to determine the ACM. Another way that networkdevice 510 can affect the determination of the ACM is by providingassociation parameters that include weights and thresholds for thenetwork metrics upon which the ACM is based, e.g., considering a networkmetric weighted against another metric, and applying a minimum thresholdfor a network metric to be considered for the ACM.

In an example determination of an ACM for local manager 555, networkdevice 510 can determine, based on, for example, analysis of severalgeographically proximate peer to peer groups, that two network metricsare of significance in the selection of local manager 555 by UEs 550A-B.Example network metrics can be significant include the RSRP of localmanager 555, and the SSDR of the group of which local manager 555manages. One way this example ACM (e.g., criteria 590A-B) can bedetermined is:

ACM=a′*RSRP+b′*SSDR

In the ACM expression above, SSDR can be equal to an estimated spectralefficiency multiplied by number of resource blocks divided by a numberof associated UEs, and RSRP can be the linear average of referencesignal power (in Watts) across a specified bandwidth (in number ofresource elements). In an example implementation, RSRP can be the mostimportant network metric measured by a UE, for tasks including, but notlimited to cell selection, cell reselection, and cell handover. Theabove example expression also includes weights (a′ and b′) to bias infavor of a network metric or to balance the network metrics, e.g., RSRPand SSDR, respectively.

Continuing the above example, in an association parameter, networkdevice 510 can not only specify the analysis that the local manager canuse to determine the ACM, but also provide weights for the componentnetwork metrics to use with the ACM (e.g., the ACM expression above),e.g., when RSRP weight a′ equals two this can result in a RSRP havingtwice the significance of SSDR in the expression above. In otherexamples, when SSDR weight b′ equals zero, this can negate the SSDRvalue and only RSRP is considered in the association, while when RSRPweight a′ equals zero, this can negate the RSRP value and only SSDR isconsidered for determination of the ACM. In example circumstances, ahigh SSDR can indicate a local manager with a large number of availableresources or a low number of already associated UEs.

In an example application of the above described ACM, as traffic loadand user mobility change, one or more embodiments can enable theassociations between UEs and local managers to adapt with thesedynamics. For example, for a connection with a high RSRP and a low SSDR,an ACM can be comparatively lower than other circumstances, e.g.,sub-optimal performance can result from associating with a local managerwith a high RSRP, but also having a low SSDR, indicating a highcontention for resources.

In one or more embodiments, the adaption of the associations for a groupcan be improved by enabling a local manager to autonomously selectweights according to capabilities of the local manager's capability,e.g., enabling UEs to select between high performance local managers andlow-complexity local managers. Weights for different ACM metrics canalso be specified to a local manager 555 by network device 510 as a partof a local manager setup procedure.

In one or more embodiments, weights can have an associated validityperiod and when this period expires, a new set of available ACMs can begenerated, or a set of default ACM values can be applied (which can alsobe used in case of operation out-of-network coverage scenarios).

In one or more embodiments, weight can be adapted based on factorsincluding, but not limited to a traffic type (e.g.,broadcast/groupcast/unicast), a user priority level, and supportedquality of service level (QoS) for real-time sensor sharing as comparedto local video distribution. For example, UEs broadcasting latencyinsensitive traffic can have one set of weights applied, while for UEswith critical or latency sensitive traffic, different weights can beapplied, and these different weights can result in different userassociations.

In an alternative embodiment that is similar to the approach describedwith FIG. 3 above, a part of the network metrics that can be used todetermine an ACM can be communicated by the local manger to UEs (e.g.the weights from network device 510 and the SSDR determined by localmanager 555) while the remainder of the values used to determine the ACMcan be determined by the UE (e.g. the measured RSRP of the candidatelocal manager). In this example, the approach to determining the ACM canalso be communicated to the UEs. In a third alternative, only theapproach or functional expression for calculating the ACM is provided tothe UE, while the network metrics that can be used in the determinationof the ACM can be determined by the UE via measurement or otheranalysis.

In one or more embodiments, to improve the guidance available fromnetwork device 510, local manager 555 can periodically communicatedetermined criteria 590C values to network device 510, for analysis. Inan example, when network device 510 relays guidance in the form ofweighs, approaches to take for determining ACMs, and network metrics tobe used to determine ACMs, periodically receiving an ACM based on theabove guidance provides feedback that can improve future guidance fromnetwork device 510. In additional embodiments, local manager 555 canalso provide a transmission summary to network device 510. Receivingdetermined ACM value can also determine whether local manager 555 isoperating in an efficient mode, as well as predict a network trafficlevel in a certain area. Network device 510 can combine this feedbackwith other available network metrics, determine any adjustments toassociation parameters that can be needed. Receiving determined criteria590C values from multiple local managers can also enable network device510 to activate a different local manager, if necessary.

As noted above, ACM parameters and approaches used by UEs to selectlocal managers can change at different intervals and for differentreasons. The discussion above describes a variety of different networkmetrics and determination approaches used by one or more embodiments. Itshould be noted that changes in these, and other, relied upon factorscan cause characteristic of the ACM determined by local manager 555, andother local managers to change. Different approaches to notifying UEsthat a new ACM has been determined are discussed with FIG. 6 below.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example wireless communication system showing anexample peer to peer network 600 with UEs 650A-B associated with localmanager 655 in a peer to peer network, and part of a cellular networkserviced by network device 610, in accordance with one or moreembodiments. For purposes of brevity, description of like elementsand/or processes employed in other embodiments is omitted.

In one or more embodiments, local manager 655 and UEs 650A-B can beconnected to network device 610, e.g., by a cellular interface (notshown), and UEs 650A-B and local manager 655 can be connected in a peerto peer network, e.g., by a sidelink interface. In this example, UEs650A-B can selectively associate with local manager 655, e.g., by one ormore embodiments described above.

In the approaches described with FIG. 4 (e.g., UEs can associate withlocal manager 655 based selected network metrics), FIG. 5 (e.g., UEsreceive ACM and can select local manager 655 based on the ACM), or acombination of the two approaches, can rely upon periodic updates to theselection criteria received from local manager 655 and/or network device610. Example updates include, but are not limited to, weights ofdifferent network metrics, approaches used to combine and analyzemetrics, and the ACM associated with local manager 655.

One or more embodiments have different approaches to communicating theabove-noted information to UEs 650A-B. In one or more embodimentsnetwork device 610 can select an association parameter that can providesguidance (e.g., a criterion) for associating user equipment into groups,e.g., preferred network metrics, weights, entire approaches to be usedto determine an ACM. In one or more embodiment, the associationparameter can also be minor, e.g., an instruction for local manager 655to provide information about UE association.

In one or more embodiments, the association parameter can becommunicated to local manager 655, and, as described above, local manger655 can communicate criteria for association to UEs 650A-B by performingactions that can include, but are not limited to, relaying theinformation unchanged to UEs 650A-B for use, providing to UEs 650A-Bnetwork metrics and approaches to be used for association, determiningan ACM with or without guidance from the association parameter, or anycombination of the above or similar approaches.

Because, in one or more embodiments, local manager generates thecriteria based, in part, on the association parameter, network device610 can be termed as communicating the criteria (e.g., by local manager655) to UEs 650A-B for use.

One way that local manager 655 and network device can communicatecriteria 695A-B to UE 650A is by broadcasted signals 690A-Brespectively, e.g., a system information block (SIB) signal.Alternatively, a dedicated signaling approach using paging messages692A-B can be used to communicate criteria 680A-B respectively, to UE650B, e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) configuration signal. In thisdedicated signal approach, the criterial 680A-B can be provided ondemand to the UE, e.g., based on the use of specific random accessprocedure (RACH) preambles/resources and higher layer messagesassociated with either a two or four step RACH procedure.

As described in one or more embodiments above, periodic updates tocriteria and other information can enable one or both of UEs 650A-B toadvantageously associate with a different local manager (not shown)based on changing conditions. As described above, the information usedto enable associations can have different update intervals, e.g., basedon expiration times and other events. In one or more embodiments,broadcast criteria 695A-B communicated by broadcasted signals 690A-B canperiodically read by UE 650A, e.g., at different intervals or based onnetwork events detected by 650A, including changes in significantnetwork metrics such as RSRP of local manager 655.

In an example, a dedicated field in broadcast criteria 695A-B can beincremented every time the local manager or network changes thecriteria, and upon reading broadcast criteria 695A-B, UE 650A can readthe dedicated field to check whether criteria have changed since it lastdecoded the broadcast channel. This flagging of changes in a broadcastedcriteria 695A-B can, in some circumstances, advantageously reduce theworkload on UE 650A, and improve the implementation of associationchanges.

Alternatively, instead of periodically decoding broadcast criteria695A-B to read the dedicated field described above, local manager 655and network device 610 can use paging messages 692A-B to notify UE 650Bthat broadcast information has changed. In one or more embodiments,example types of paging messages 692A-B that can used can includecriteria 680A-B in short paging messages, e.g., messages comprising acontrol channel message with an indication that criteria have changed.That is, no dedicated data channel is used to convey the paging messagerather, the control channel itself comprises the information thatbroadcast information has changed.

In an example paging message, cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits of acontrol channel with which the paging message can be sent can bescrambled by a dedicated paging radio network temporary identifier(P-RNTI). For example, upon UE 650B receiving a control channel messagewith the CRC bits scrambled by said dedicated P-RNTI, the UE candetermine that criteria have been changed, and this can cause UE 650B toread broadcasted information including the changes, e.g., included in aSIB as described above.

In one or more embodiments, UEs 650A-B can have a priori knowledge abouta scheduling window for the SIB from other broadcast information or,alternatively, as part of an RRC configuration, e.g., UE 650A can havescheduling information corresponding to times when updated criteria695A-B can be included in a SIB with broadcast criteria 695A-B. In somecircumstances, having this scheduling window can advantageously reducethe workload of UEs 650A-B by reducing the frequency of checking forupdated criteria.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method 700 that canfacilitate centrally assisted associations with a local manager by peersin a peer to peer wireless system, in accordance with one or moreembodiments. For purposes of brevity, description of like elementsand/or processes employed in other embodiments is omitted.

At 702, example method 700 can select (e.g., by association parameterselector 130), by network device 510 comprising processor 160,association parameter 580 that can provide criterion 590A forassociating UE 510 with a group of user equipments (e.g., UEs 550A-B).

At 704, example method 700 can communicate, by network device 410, to UE550A, criterion 590A, enabling the UE 550A to select local manager 555from a group of candidate local managers of the group of user equipments(e.g., UEs 550A-B), based on the criterion 590A.

FIG. 8 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method 800 that canfacilitate providing feedback to improve the centrally assistedassociations of FIG. 7. For purposes of brevity, description of likeelements and/or processes employed in other embodiments is omitted.

At 802, example method 800 can select (e.g., by association parameterselector 130), by network device 510 comprising a processor 160,association parameter 580 that can provide criterion 590A forassociating UE 510 with a group of user equipments (e.g., UEs 550A-B).

At 804, example method 800 can communicate, by network device 510, to UE550A, criterion 590A, enabling the UE 550A to select local manager 555from a group of candidate local managers of the group of user equipments(e.g., UEs 550A-B), based on the criterion 590A.

At 806, example method 800 can update, by the network device,association parameter 580 based on an aggregated cost metric (e.g.,criteria 590C) received from local manager 555.

Referring now to FIG. 9, illustrated is an example block diagram of anexample mobile handset 900 operable to engage in a system architecturethat facilitates wireless communications according to one or moreembodiments described herein. Although a mobile handset is illustratedherein, it will be understood that other devices can be a mobile device,and that the mobile handset is merely illustrated to provide context forthe embodiments of the various embodiments described herein. Thefollowing discussion is intended to provide a brief, general descriptionof an example of a suitable environment in which the various embodimentscan be implemented. While the description includes a general context ofcomputer-executable instructions embodied on a machine-readable storagemedium, those skilled in the art will recognize that the innovation alsocan be implemented in combination with other program modules and/or as acombination of hardware and software.

Generally, applications (e.g., program modules) can include routines,programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particulartasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, thoseskilled in the art will appreciate that the methods described herein canbe practiced with other system configurations, includingsingle-processor or multiprocessor systems, minicomputers, mainframecomputers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices,microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like,each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associateddevices.

A computing device can typically include a variety of machine-readablemedia. Machine-readable media can be any available media that can beaccessed by the computer and includes both volatile and non-volatilemedia, removable and non-removable media. By way of example and notlimitation, computer-readable media can comprise computer storage mediaand communication media. Computer storage media can include volatileand/or non-volatile media, removable and/or non-removable mediaimplemented in any method or technology for storage of information, suchas computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, orother data. Computer storage media can include, but is not limited to,RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, solid statedrive (SSD) or other solid-state storage technology, Compact Disk ReadOnly Memory (CD ROM), digital video disk (DVD), Blu-ray disk, or otheroptical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic diskstorage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which canbe used to store the desired information and which can be accessed bythe computer. In this regard, the terms “tangible” or “non-transitory”herein as applied to storage, memory or computer-readable media, are tobe understood to exclude only propagating transitory signals per se asmodifiers and do not relinquish rights to all standard storage, memoryor computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitorysignals per se.

Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated datasignal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includesany information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means asignal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed insuch a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example,and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as awired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such asacoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the anyof the above should also be included within the scope ofcomputer-readable media.

The handset includes a processor 902 for controlling and processing allonboard operations and functions. A memory 904 interfaces to theprocessor 902 for storage of data and one or more applications 906(e.g., a video player software, user feedback component software, etc.).Other applications can include voice recognition of predetermined voicecommands that facilitate initiation of the user feedback signals. Theapplications 906 can be stored in the memory 904 and/or in a firmware908, and executed by the processor 902 from either or both the memory904 or/and the firmware 908. The firmware 908 can also store startupcode for execution in initializing the handset 900. A communicationscomponent 910 interfaces to the processor 902 to facilitatewired/wireless communication with external systems, e.g., cellularnetworks, VoIP networks, and so on. Here, the communications component910 can also include a suitable cellular transceiver 911 (e.g., a GSMtransceiver) and/or an unlicensed transceiver 913 (e.g., Wi-Fi, WiMax)for corresponding signal communications. The handset 900 can be a devicesuch as a cellular telephone, a PDA with mobile communicationscapabilities, and messaging-centric devices. The communicationscomponent 910 also facilitates communications reception from terrestrialradio networks (e.g., broadcast), digital satellite radio networks, andInternet-based radio services networks.

The handset 900 includes a display 912 for displaying text, images,video, telephony functions (e.g., a Caller ID function), setupfunctions, and for user input. For example, the display 912 can also bereferred to as a “screen” that can accommodate the presentation ofmultimedia content (e.g., music metadata, messages, wallpaper, graphics,etc.). The display 912 can also display videos and can facilitate thegeneration, editing and sharing of video quotes. A serial I/O interface914 is provided in communication with the processor 902 to facilitatewired and/or wireless serial communications (e.g., USB, and/or IEEE1294) through a hardwire connection, and other serial input devices(e.g., a keyboard, keypad, and mouse). This supports updating andtroubleshooting the handset 900, for example. Audio capabilities areprovided with an audio I/O component 916, which can include a speakerfor the output of audio signals related to, for example, indication thatthe user pressed the proper key or key combination to initiate the userfeedback signal. The audio I/O component 916 also facilitates the inputof audio signals through a microphone to record data and/or telephonyvoice data, and for inputting voice signals for telephone conversations.

The handset 900 can include a slot interface 918 for accommodating a SIC(Subscriber Identity Component) in the form factor of a card SubscriberIdentity Module (SIM) or universal SIM 920, and interfacing the SIM card920 with the processor 902. However, it is to be appreciated that theSIM card 920 can be manufactured into the handset 900, and updated bydownloading data and software.

The handset 900 can process IP data traffic through the communicationscomponent 910 to accommodate IP traffic from an IP network such as, forexample, the Internet, a corporate intranet, a home network, a personarea network, etc., through an ISP or broadband cable provider. Thus,VoIP traffic can be utilized by the handset 900 and IP-based multimediacontent can be received in either an encoded or a decoded format.

A video processing component 922 (e.g., a camera) can be provided fordecoding encoded multimedia content. The video processing component 922can aid in facilitating the generation, editing, and sharing of videoquotes. The handset 900 also includes a power source 924 in the form ofbatteries and/or an AC power subsystem, which power source 924 caninterface to an external power system or charging equipment (not shown)by a power I/O component 926.

The handset 900 can also include a video component 930 for processingvideo content received and, for recording and transmitting videocontent. For example, the video component 930 can facilitate thegeneration, editing and sharing of video quotes. A location trackingcomponent 932 facilitates geographically locating the handset 900. Asdescribed hereinabove, this can occur when the user initiates thefeedback signal automatically or manually. A user input component 934facilitates the user initiating the quality feedback signal. The userinput component 934 can also facilitate the generation, editing andsharing of video quotes. The user input component 934 can include suchconventional input device technologies such as a keypad, keyboard,mouse, stylus pen, and/or touch screen, for example.

Referring again to the applications 906, a hysteresis component 936facilitates the analysis and processing of hysteresis data, which isutilized to determine when to associate with the access point. Asoftware trigger component 938 can be provided that facilitatestriggering of the hysteresis component 936 when the Wi-Fi transceiver913 detects the beacon of the access point. A SIP client 940 enables thehandset 900 to support SIP protocols and register the subscriber withthe SIP registrar server. The applications 906 can also include a client942 that provides at least the capability of discovery, play and storeof multimedia content, for example, music.

The handset 900, as indicated above related to the communicationscomponent 910, includes an indoor network radio transceiver 913 (e.g.,Wi-Fi transceiver). This function supports the indoor radio link, suchas IEEE 802.11, for the dual-mode GSM handset 900. The handset 900 canaccommodate at least satellite radio services through a handset that cancombine wireless voice and digital radio chipsets into a single handhelddevice.

As can be seen, the technology described herein can provide increasedrobustness and reduced latency of initial access and V2X configurationwhen control plane and mobility signaling is provided over a sub6-GHzanchor link via multi-connectivity, (compared to a standalonearchitecture), in which V2X-capable UEs provide initial access, IDLEmode, control plane, and mobility functionality. The technology canfacilitate reduced overhead on mmWave backhaul links multiplexingcellular and V2X traffic (of one or more bands) by utilizing sub 6-GHzchannels for control plane signaling instead of multiplexing bothcontrol and data links on mmWave bands. Still further, the technologydescribed herein provides the ability to efficiently perform localmanager configuration and association based on measurements/reportsrelated to sidelink link quality metrics over sub6-GHz channels moreefficiently than over the NR mmWave backhaul links. The technologydescribed herein enables support for simultaneous cellular communicationwith a network infrastructure, in addition to V2X direct communicationservices on the same or different carriers.

In example implementations, user equipments are able to send and/orreceive communication data via a wireless link to the network device.Wireless communication system 200 can thus include one or morecommunication service provider networks that facilitate providingwireless communication services to various user equipments via thenetwork device and/or various additional network devices (as isunderstood) included in the one or more communication service providernetworks. The one or more communication service provider networks caninclude various types of disparate networks, including but not limitedto: cellular networks, femto networks, picocell networks, microcellnetworks, internet protocol (IP) networks Wi-Fi service networks,broadband service network, enterprise networks, cloud based networks,and the like. For example, in at least one implementation, system 100can be or include a large scale wireless communication network thatspans various geographic areas. According to this implementation, theone or more communication service provider networks can be or includethe wireless communication network and/or various additional devices andcomponents of the wireless communication network (e.g., additionalnetwork devices and cell, additional user equipments, network serverdevices, etc.).

The network device can be connected to one or more communication serviceprovider networks via one or more backhaul links or the like (notshown). For example, the one or more backhaul links can comprise wiredlink components, such as a T1/E1 phone line, a digital subscriber line(DSL) (e.g., either synchronous or asynchronous), an asymmetric DSL(ADSL), an optical fiber backbone, a coaxial cable, and the like.

The wireless communication system can employ various cellular systems,technologies, and modulation schemes to facilitate wireless radiocommunications between devices. While example embodiments include use of5G new radio (NR) systems, one or more embodiments discussed herein canbe applicable to any radio access technology (RAT) or multi-RAT system,including where user equipments operate using multiple carriers, e.g.LTE FDD/TDD, GSM/GERAN, CDMA2000, etc. For example, wirelesscommunication system 200 can operate in accordance with global systemfor mobile communications (GSM), universal mobile telecommunicationsservice (UMTS), long term evolution (LTE), LTE frequency divisionduplexing (LTE FDD, LTE time division duplexing (TDD), high speed packetaccess (HSPA), code division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA(WCMDA), CDMA2000, time division multiple access (TDMA), frequencydivision multiple access (FDMA), multi-carrier code division multipleaccess (MC-CDMA), single-carrier code division multiple access(SC-CDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM), discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-spreadOFDM) single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Filter bank based multi-carrier(FBMC), zero tail DFT-spread-OFDM (ZT DFT-s-OFDM), generalized frequencydivision multiplexing (GFDM), fixed mobile convergence (FMC), universalfixed mobile convergence (UFMC), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), unique wordDFT-spread OFDM (UW DFT-Spread-OFDM), cyclic prefix OFDM CP-OFDM,resource-block-filtered OFDM, Wi Fi, WLAN, WiMax, and the like. However,various features and functionalities of systems described herein areconfigured to communicate wireless signals using one or more multicarrier modulation schemes, wherein data symbols can be transmittedsimultaneously over multiple frequency subcarriers (e.g., OFDM, CP-OFDM,DFT-spread OFMD, UFMC, FMBC, etc.). The embodiments are applicable tosingle carrier as well as to multicarrier (MC) or carrier aggregation(CA) operation of the user equipment. The term carrier aggregation (CA)is also called (e.g. interchangeably called) “multi-carrier system”,“multi-cell operation”, “multi-carrier operation”, “multi-carrier”transmission and/or reception. Note that some embodiments are alsoapplicable for Multi RAB (radio bearers) on some carriers (that is dataplus speech is simultaneously scheduled).

In various embodiments, the system 100 can be configured to provide andemploy 5G wireless networking features and functionalities. With 5Gnetworks that may use waveforms that split the bandwidth into severalsub bands, different types of services can be accommodated in differentsub bands with the most suitable waveform and numerology, leading toimproved spectrum utilization for 5G networks. Notwithstanding, in themmWave spectrum, the millimeter waves have shorter wavelengths relativeto other communications waves, whereby mmWave signals can experiencesevere path loss, penetration loss, and fading. However, the shorterwavelength at mmWave frequencies also allows more antennas to be packedin the same physical dimension, which allows for large-scale spatialmultiplexing and highly directional beamforming.

Referring now to FIG. 10, illustrated is an example block diagram of anexample computer 1000 operable to engage in a system architecture thatfacilitates wireless communications according to one or more embodimentsdescribed herein. The computer 1000 can provide networking andcommunication capabilities between a wired or wireless communicationnetwork and a server (e.g., Microsoft server) and/or communicationdevice. In order to provide additional context for various aspectsthereof, FIG. 10 and the following discussion are intended to provide abrief, general description of a suitable computing environment in whichthe various aspects of the innovation can be implemented to facilitatethe establishment of a transaction between an entity and a third party.While the description above is in the general context ofcomputer-executable instructions that can run on one or more computers,those skilled in the art will recognize that the innovation also can beimplemented in combination with other program modules and/or as acombination of hardware and software.

Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, datastructures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particularabstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat the various methods can be practiced with other computer systemconfigurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor computersystems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personalcomputers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can beoperatively coupled to one or more associated devices.

The illustrated aspects of the innovation can also be practiced indistributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed byremote processing devices that are linked through a communicationsnetwork. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can belocated in both local and remote memory storage devices.

Computing devices typically include a variety of media, which caninclude computer-readable storage media or communications media, whichtwo terms are used herein differently from one another as follows.

Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media thatcan be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile andnonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example,and not limitation, computer-readable storage media can be implementedin connection with any method or technology for storage of informationsuch as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structureddata, or unstructured data. Computer-readable storage media can include,but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memorytechnology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical diskstorage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage orother magnetic storage devices, or other tangible and/or non-transitorymedia which can be used to store desired information. Computer-readablestorage media can be accessed by one or more local or remote computingdevices, e.g., via access requests, queries or other data retrievalprotocols, for a variety of operations with respect to the informationstored by the medium.

Communications media can embody computer-readable instructions, datastructures, program modules, or other structured or unstructured data ina data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrier wave orother transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery ortransport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signals refers to asignal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed insuch a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By way ofexample, and not limitation, communication media include wired media,such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless mediasuch as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.

The techniques described herein can be applied to any device or set ofdevices (machines) capable of running programs and processes. It can beunderstood, therefore, that servers including physical and/or virtualmachines, personal computers, laptops, handheld, portable and othercomputing devices and computing objects of all kinds including cellphones, tablet/slate computers, gaming/entertainment consoles and thelike are contemplated for use in connection with various implementationsincluding those exemplified herein. Accordingly, the general purposecomputing mechanism described below with reference to FIG. 10 is but oneexample of a computing device.

In order to provide a context for the various aspects of the disclosedsubject matter, FIG. 10 and the following discussion, are intended toprovide a brief, general description of a suitable environment in whichthe various aspects of the disclosed subject matter can be implemented.While the subject matter has been described above in the general contextof computer-executable instructions of a computer program that runs on acomputer and/or computers, those skilled in the art will recognize thatthe disclosed subject matter also can be implemented in combination withother program modules. Generally, program modules include routines,programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform particulartasks and/or implement particular abstract data types.

In the subject specification, terms such as “store,” “storage,” “datastore,” data storage,” “database,” and substantially any otherinformation storage component relevant to operation and functionality ofa component, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a“memory” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciatedthat the memory components described herein can be either volatilememory or nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile andnonvolatile memory, by way of illustration, and not limitation, volatilememory 1020 (see below), non-volatile memory 1022 (see below), diskstorage 1024 (see below), and memory storage 1046 (see below). Further,nonvolatile memory can be included in read only memory (ROM),programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM),electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory caninclude random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory.By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in manyforms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronousDRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM(ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM).Additionally, the disclosed memory components of systems or methodsherein are intended to comprise, without being limited to comprising,these and any other suitable types of memory.

Moreover, it will be noted that the disclosed subject matter can bepracticed with other computer system configurations, includingsingle-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, mini-computingdevices, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-heldcomputing devices (e.g., PDA, phone, watch, tablet computers, netbookcomputers, . . . ), microprocessor-based or programmable consumer orindustrial electronics, and the like. The illustrated aspects can alsobe practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks areperformed by remote processing devices that are linked through acommunications network; however, some if not all aspects of the subjectdisclosure can be practiced on stand-alone computers. In a distributedcomputing environment, program modules can be located in both local andremote memory storage devices.

FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram of an operating environment 1000operable to execute the disclosed systems and methods in accordance withan embodiment. Computer 1012, which can be, for example, part of thehardware of system 1020, includes a processing unit 1014, a systemmemory 1016, and a system bus 1018. System bus 1018 couples systemcomponents including, but not limited to, system memory 1016 toprocessing unit 1014. Processing unit 1014 can be any of variousavailable processors. Dual microprocessors and other multiprocessorarchitectures also can be employed as processing unit 1014.

System bus 1018 can be any of several types of bus structure(s)including a memory bus or a memory controller, a peripheral bus or anexternal bus, and/or a local bus using any variety of available busarchitectures including, but not limited to, Industrial StandardArchitecture (ISA), Micro-Channel Architecture (MSA), Extended ISA(EISA), Intelligent Drive Electronics, VESA Local Bus (VLB), PeripheralComponent Interconnect (PCI), Card Bus, Universal Serial Bus (USB),Advanced Graphics Port (AGP), Personal Computer Memory CardInternational Association bus (PCMCIA), Firewire (IEEE 1394), and SmallComputer Systems Interface (SCSI).

System memory 1016 can include volatile memory 1020 and nonvolatilememory 1022. A basic input/output system (BIOS), containing routines totransfer information between elements within computer 1012, such asduring start-up, can be stored in nonvolatile memory 1022. By way ofillustration, and not limitation, nonvolatile memory 1022 can includeROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, or flash memory. Volatile memory 1020 includesRAM, which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and notlimitation, RAM is available in many forms such as SRAM, dynamic RAM(DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM),enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus direct RAM(RDRAM), direct Rambus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and Rambus dynamic RAM(RDRAM).

Computer 1012 can also include removable/non-removable,volatile/non-volatile computer storage media. FIG. 10 illustrates, forexample, disk storage 1024. Disk storage 1024 includes, but is notlimited to, devices like a magnetic disk drive, floppy disk drive, tapedrive, flash memory card, or memory stick. In addition, disk storage1024 can include storage media separately or in combination with otherstorage media including, but not limited to, an optical disk drive suchas a compact disk ROM device (CD-ROM), CD recordable drive (CD-R Drive),CD rewritable drive (CD-RW Drive) or a digital versatile disk ROM drive(DVD-ROM). To facilitate connection of the disk storage devices 1024 tosystem bus 1018, a removable or non-removable interface is typicallyused, such as interface 1026.

Computing devices typically include a variety of media, which caninclude computer-readable storage media or communications media, whichtwo terms are used herein differently from one another as follows.

Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media thatcan be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile andnonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example,and not limitation, computer-readable storage media can be implementedin connection with any method or technology for storage of informationsuch as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structureddata, or unstructured data. Computer-readable storage media can include,but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read only memory(ROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM),flash memory or other memory technology, solid state drive (SSD) orother solid-state storage technology, compact disk read only memory (CDROM), digital versatile disk (DVD), Blu-ray disc or other optical diskstorage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage orother magnetic storage devices or other tangible and/or non-transitorymedia which can be used to store desired information. In this regard,the terms “tangible” or “non-transitory” herein as applied to storage,memory or computer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude onlypropagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquishrights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media thatare not only propagating transitory signals per se. In an aspect,tangible media can include non-transitory media wherein the term“non-transitory” herein as may be applied to storage, memory orcomputer-readable media, is to be understood to exclude only propagatingtransitory signals per se as a modifier and does not relinquish coverageof all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media that are notonly propagating transitory signals per se. For the avoidance of doubt,the term “computer-readable storage device” is used and defined hereinto exclude transitory media. Computer-readable storage media can beaccessed by one or more local or remote computing devices, e.g., viaaccess requests, queries or other data retrieval protocols, for avariety of operations with respect to the information stored by themedium.

Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructureddata in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrierwave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information deliveryor transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signals refersto a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changedin such a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By wayof example, and not limitation, communication media include wired media,such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless mediasuch as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.

It can be noted that FIG. 10 describes software that acts as anintermediary between users and computer resources described in suitableoperating environment 1000. Such software includes an operating system1028. Operating system 1028, which can be stored on disk storage 1024,acts to control and allocate resources of computer 1012. Systemapplications 1030 take advantage of the management of resources byoperating system 1028 through program modules 1032 and program data 1034stored either in system memory 1016 or on disk storage 1024. It is to benoted that the disclosed subject matter can be implemented with variousoperating systems or combinations of operating systems.

A user can enter commands or information into computer 1012 throughinput device(s) 1036. As an example, a mobile device and/or portabledevice can include a user interface embodied in a touch sensitivedisplay panel allowing a user to interact with computer 1012. Inputdevices 1036 include, but are not limited to, a pointing device such asa mouse, trackball, stylus, touch pad, keyboard, microphone, joystick,game pad, satellite dish, scanner, TV tuner card, digital camera,digital video camera, web camera, cell phone, smartphone, tabletcomputer, etc. These and other input devices connect to processing unit1014 through system bus 1018 by way of interface port(s) 1038. Interfaceport(s) 1038 include, for example, a serial port, a parallel port, agame port, a universal serial bus (USB), an infrared port, a Bluetoothport, an IP port, or a logical port associated with a wireless service,etc. Output device(s) 1040 and a move use some of the same type of portsas input device(s) 1036.

Thus, for example, a USB port can be used to provide input to computer1012 and to output information from computer 1012 to an output device1040. Output adapter 1042 is provided to illustrate that there are someoutput devices 1040 like monitors, speakers, and printers, among otheroutput devices 1040, which use special adapters. Output adapters 1042include, by way of illustration and not limitation, video and soundcards that provide means of connection between output device 1040 andsystem bus 1018. It should be noted that other devices and/or systems ofdevices provide both input and output capabilities such as remotecomputer(s) 1044.

Computer 1012 can operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections to one or more remote computers, such as remote computer(s)1044. Remote computer(s) 1044 can be a personal computer, a server, arouter, a network PC, cloud storage, cloud service, a workstation, amicroprocessor based appliance, a peer device, or other common networknode and the like, and typically includes many or all of the elementsdescribed relative to computer 1012.

For purposes of brevity, only a memory storage device 1046 isillustrated with remote computer(s) 1044. Remote computer(s) 1044 islogically connected to computer 1012 through a network interface 1048and then physically connected by way of communication connection 1050.Network interface 1048 encompasses wire and/or wireless communicationnetworks such as local-area networks (LAN) and wide-area networks (WAN).LAN technologies include Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), CopperDistributed Data Interface (CDDI), Ethernet, Token Ring and the like.WAN technologies include, but are not limited to, point-to-point links,circuit-switching networks like Integrated Services Digital Networks(ISDN) and variations thereon, packet switching networks, and DigitalSubscriber Lines (DSL). As noted below, wireless technologies may beused in addition to or in place of the foregoing.

Communication connection(s) 1050 refer(s) to hardware/software employedto connect network interface 1048 to bus 1018. While communicationconnection 1050 is shown for illustrative clarity inside computer 1012,it can also be external to computer 1012. The hardware/software forconnection to network interface 1048 can include, for example, internaland external technologies such as modems, including regular telephonegrade modems, cable modems and DSL modems, ISDN adapters, and Ethernetcards.

The above description of illustrated embodiments of the subjectdisclosure, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intendedto be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed embodiments to the preciseforms disclosed. While specific embodiments and examples are describedherein for illustrative purposes, various modifications are possiblethat are considered within the scope of such embodiments and examples,as those skilled in the relevant art can recognize.

In this regard, while the disclosed subject matter has been described inconnection with various embodiments and corresponding Figures, whereapplicable, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments can beused or modifications and additions can be made to the describedembodiments for performing the same, similar, alternative, or substitutefunction of the disclosed subject matter without deviating therefrom.Therefore, the disclosed subject matter should not be limited to anysingle embodiment described herein, but rather should be construed inbreadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims below.

As it employed in the subject specification, the term “processor” canrefer to substantially any computing processing unit or devicecomprising, but not limited to comprising, single-core processors;single-processors with software multithread execution capability;multi-core processors; multi-core processors with software multithreadexecution capability; multi-core processors with hardware multithreadtechnology; parallel platforms; and parallel platforms with distributedshared memory. Additionally, a processor can refer to an integratedcircuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digitalsignal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), aprogrammable logic controller (PLC), a complex programmable logic device(CPLD), a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardwarecomponents, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functionsdescribed herein. Processors can exploit nano-scale architectures suchas, but not limited to, molecular and quantum-dot based transistors,switches and gates, in order to optimize space usage or enhanceperformance of user equipment. A processor may also be implemented as acombination of computing processing units.

In the subject specification, terms such as “store,” “storage,” “datastore,” data storage,” “database,” and substantially any otherinformation storage component relevant to operation and functionality ofa component, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a“memory” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciatedthat the memory components described herein can be either volatilememory or nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile andnonvolatile memory.

As used in this application, the terms “component,” “system,”“platform,” “layer,” “selector,” “interface,” and the like are intendedto refer to a computer-related entity or an entity related to anoperational apparatus with one or more specific functionalities, whereinthe entity can be either hardware, a combination of hardware andsoftware, software, or software in execution. As an example, a componentmay be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, aprocessor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program,and/or a computer. By way of illustration and not limitation, both anapplication running on a server and the server can be a component. Oneor more components may reside within a process and/or thread ofexecution and a component may be localized on one computer and/ordistributed between two or more computers. In addition, these componentscan execute from various computer readable media, device readablestorage devices, or machine readable media having various datastructures stored thereon. The components may communicate via localand/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having oneor more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting withanother component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across anetwork such as the Internet with other systems via the signal). Asanother example, a component can be an apparatus with specificfunctionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric orelectronic circuitry, which is operated by a software or firmwareapplication executed by a processor, wherein the processor can beinternal or external to the apparatus and executes at least a part ofthe software or firmware application. As yet another example, acomponent can be an apparatus that provides specific functionalitythrough electronic components without mechanical parts, the electroniccomponents can include a processor therein to execute software orfirmware that confers at least in part the functionality of theelectronic components.

In addition, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” ratherthan an exclusive “or.” That is, unless specified otherwise, or clearfrom context, “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the naturalinclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or Xemploys both A and B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any ofthe foregoing instances. Moreover, articles “a” and “an” as used in thesubject specification and annexed drawings should generally be construedto mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from contextto be directed to a singular form.

Moreover, terms like “user equipment (UE),” “mobile station,” “mobile,”subscriber station,” “subscriber equipment,” “access terminal,”“terminal,” “handset,” and similar terminology, refer to a wirelessdevice utilized by a subscriber or user of a wireless communicationservice to receive or convey data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming,or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream. The foregoingterms are utilized interchangeably in the subject specification andrelated drawings. Likewise, the terms “access point (AP),” “basestation,” “NodeB,” “evolved Node B (eNodeB),” “home Node B (HNB),” “homeaccess point (HAP),” “cell device,” “sector,” “cell,” and the like, areutilized interchangeably in the subject application, and refer to awireless network component or appliance that serves and receives data,control, voice, video, sound, gaming, or substantially any data-streamor signaling-stream to and from a set of subscriber stations or providerenabled devices. Data and signaling streams can include packetized orframe-based flows.

Additionally, the terms “core-network”, “core”, “core carrier network”,“carrier-side”, or similar terms can refer to components of atelecommunications network that typically provides some or all ofaggregation, authentication, call control and switching, charging,service invocation, or gateways. Aggregation can refer to the highestlevel of aggregation in a service provider network wherein the nextlevel in the hierarchy under the core nodes is the distribution networksand then the edge networks. User equipments do not normally connectdirectly to the core networks of a large service provider but can berouted to the core by way of a switch or radio area network.Authentication can refer to determinations regarding whether the userrequesting a service from the telecom network is authorized to do sowithin this network or not. Call control and switching can referdeterminations related to the future course of a call stream acrosscarrier equipment based on the call signal processing. Charging can berelated to the collation and processing of charging data generated byvarious network nodes. Two common types of charging mechanisms found inpresent day networks can be prepaid charging and postpaid charging.Service invocation can occur based on some explicit action (e.g. calltransfer) or implicitly (e.g., call waiting). It is to be noted thatservice “execution” may or may not be a core network functionality asthird party network/nodes may take part in actual service execution. Agateway can be present in the core network to access other networks.Gateway functionality can be dependent on the type of the interface withanother network.

Furthermore, the terms “user,” “subscriber,” “customer,” “consumer,”“prosumer,” “agent,” and the like are employed interchangeablythroughout the subject specification, unless context warrants particulardistinction(s) among the terms. It should be appreciated that such termscan refer to human entities or automated components (e.g., supportedthrough artificial intelligence, as through a capacity to makeinferences based on complex mathematical formalisms), that can providesimulated vision, sound recognition and so forth.

Aspects, features, or advantages of the subject matter can be exploitedin substantially any, or any, wired, broadcast, wirelesstelecommunication, radio technology or network, or combinations thereof.Non-limiting examples of such technologies or networks include Geocasttechnology; broadcast technologies (e.g., sub-Hz, ELF, VLF, LF, MF, HF,VHF, UHF, SHF, THz broadcasts, etc.); Ethernet; X.25; powerline-typenetworking (e.g., PowerLine AV Ethernet, etc.); femto-cell technology;Wi-Fi; Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX); EnhancedGeneral Packet Radio Service (Enhanced GPRS); Third GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP or 3G) Long Term Evolution (LTE); 3GPPUniversal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) or 3GPP UMTS; ThirdGeneration Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB);High Speed Packet Access (HSPA); High Speed Downlink Packet Access(HSDPA); High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA); GSM Enhanced DataRates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) Radio Access Network (RAN) or GERAN; UMTSTerrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN); or LTE Advanced.

What has been described above includes examples of systems and methodsillustrative of the disclosed subject matter. It is, of course, notpossible to describe every combination of components or methods herein.One of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many furthercombinations and permutations of the disclosure are possible.Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,”“possesses,” and the like are used in the detailed description, claims,appendices and drawings such terms are intended to be inclusive in amanner similar to the term “comprising” as “comprising” is interpretedwhen employed as a transitional word in a claim.

While the various embodiments are susceptible to various modificationsand alternative constructions, certain illustrated implementationsthereof are shown in the drawings and have been described above indetail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention tolimit the various embodiments to the specific forms disclosed, but onthe contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, alternativeconstructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope ofthe various embodiments.

In addition to the various implementations described herein, it is to beunderstood that other similar implementations can be used ormodifications and additions can be made to the describedimplementation(s) for performing the same or equivalent function of thecorresponding implementation(s) without deviating therefrom. Stillfurther, multiple processing chips or multiple devices can share theperformance of one or more functions described herein, and similarly,storage can be effected across a plurality of devices. Accordingly, theembodiments are not to be limited to any single implementation, butrather is to be construed in breadth, spirit and scope in accordancewith the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: for a local group of userequipment of a collection of local groups of user equipment, selecting,by first network equipment comprising a processor, a selection parameterfor selection of a first user equipment of the local group to be a localmanager of the local group of user equipment; and communicating, by thefirst network equipment, to a second user equipment in the local group,the selection parameter, enabling the second user equipment to, based onthe selection parameter, select the first user equipment as the localmanager from a group of candidate local managers of the local group,wherein the local manager performs group management functions for thelocal group.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the first userequipment comprises generating, by the second user equipment, acriterion for the selection of the first user equipment, wherein thecriterion generated by the second user equipment comprises an aggregatedcost metric generated based on the selection parameter and a networkmetric.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the network metric comprises avalue corresponding to a workload of the local manager.
 4. The method ofclaim 2, further comprising, updating, by the first network equipment,the selection parameter based on the aggregated cost metric.
 5. Themethod of claim 2, wherein communicating the selection parameter to thesecond user equipment comprises communicating the selection parameter toa candidate local manager of the group of candidate local managers,enabling the candidate local manager to select the network metric tocommunicate to the second user equipment, and wherein selecting thelocal manager based on the criterion comprises selecting the localmanager based on a process selected by the second user equipment and thenetwork metric.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein selecting theselection parameter is based on a weighting factor for the approach toselecting the local manager.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein theselection parameter defines a process to use to select the local managerthat depends upon a network metric.
 8. The method of claim 7, whereinthe local manager is further enabled to communicate the network metricto the second user equipment, enabling the second user equipment toselect the local manager based on the process and the network metric. 9.A system, comprising: a processor; and a memory that stores executableinstructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitateperformance of operations, comprising: identifying a group of candidatelocal managers of a local group of user equipment of a collection oflocal groups of user equipment, receiving, from a network device, anassociation parameter, and based on the association parameter and apredicted workload of a local manager of the local group of userequipment, selecting the local manager of the group of candidate localmanagers.
 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the association parametercomprises an aggregated cost metric generated based on the predictedworkload of the local manager, and wherein selecting the local managerbased on the association parameter comprises selecting the local managerfurther based on the aggregated cost metric.
 11. The system of claim 9,wherein the operations further comprise receiving a control channelmessage comprising a notification that an updated association parameteris available from a broadcasted signal.
 12. The system of claim 11,wherein the control channel message comprises a paging message and thebroadcasted signal comprises a system information block.
 13. The systemof claim 11, wherein the broadcasted signal is broadcast by the localmanager, and wherein the broadcasted signal is based on the associationparameter.
 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the broadcasted signal isbroadcast by the network device.
 15. A non-transitory machine-readablemedium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by aprocessor of local controller equipment, facilitate performance ofoperations, comprising: identifying a group of candidate user equipmentof a local group of user equipment of a collection of local groups ofuser equipment, wherein the group of candidate user equipment comprisescandidates to be a local administrator of the local group; receiving anassociation criterion; and based on the association criterion, selectinga local manager of the local group from the group of candidate userequipment.
 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15,wherein the association criterion comprises an aggregated cost metricgenerated based on an association parameter and a network metric. 17.The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein theoperations further comprise, updating the association parameter based onthe aggregated cost metric.
 18. The non-transitory machine-readablemedium of claim 16, wherein selecting the local manager is further basedon an approach to selecting the local manager that was received with theassociation criterion.
 19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium ofclaim 16, wherein the network metric comprises a value corresponding toa workload of the local manager.
 20. The non-transitory machine-readablemedium of claim 19, wherein the operations further comprise receiving acontrol channel message comprising a notification that an updatedassociation criterion is available from a broadcasted signal.